--- title: "Patterns" url: /docs/en-us/cloud/reference/patterns last_updated: 2026-06-19T03:26:15Z description: "Explains considerations and guidelines for making proper requests to Open Cloud endpoints and interpreting responses." --- # Patterns This page covers common patterns with the Open Cloud APIs, particularly around making requests and handling responses. ## Paths To make a request to the Open Cloud APIs, you must first form a URL. This URL is a combination of the base URL (e.g. `https://apis.roblox.com`), the Open Cloud API path (for example, `/cloud/v2/universes/{universe_id}/places/{place_id}/user-restrictions`), and any query parameters (for example, `?maxPageSize=25`). A full request URL might look like this: ```json https://apis.roblox.com/cloud/v2/users/4687549151/inventory-items?maxPageSize=100 ``` Many paths, including the example above, have **path parameters**, designated by curly brackets in the API reference. Path parameters are just variables that you insert before making the request and are almost always IDs: user IDs, group IDs, place IDs, etc. IDs are often numeric, but not necessarily; for example, data store and memory store IDs support a wider character set. ## Content length and type Many API calls, particularly those that create or update, require a JSON request body. If your request has a body, be sure to include the `Content-Length` and `Content-Type` headers. Most HTTP clients add these headers automatically. ## Pagination If you specify `maxPageSize` in your request, some methods return paginated results—essentially partial responses: ```json GET /cloud/v2/users/{user_id}/inventory-items?maxPageSize=25 { "inventoryItems": [ ... ], "nextPageToken": "aaaBBB" } ``` ```json GET /cloud/v2/universes/{universe_id}/data-stores?maxPageSize=25 { "dataStores": [ ... ], "nextPageToken": "datastore1" } ``` If a response includes a value for `nextPageToken`, use that value in the `pageToken` parameter of the subsequent request to retrieve the next page. When `nextPageToken` is empty or omitted entirely, you've reached the end of your results: ```json GET /cloud/v2/users/{user_id}/inventory-items?maxPageSize=25&pageToken=aaaBBB { "inventoryItems": [ ... ], "nextPageToken": "" } ``` ```json GET /cloud/v2/universes/{universe_id}/data-stores?maxPageSize=25&pageToken=datastore1 { "dataStores": [ ... ] } ``` Aside from the `pageToken`, you must use the same query for pagination to work properly. Altering any filter parameter results in a 400 error. ## Open Cloud v2 ### Multiple paths Some resources have multiple path patterns, visible under the **Resource Paths** header in the API reference. For example, the URL for [List User Restrictions](/docs/en-us/cloud/reference/UserRestriction.md#Cloud_ListUserRestrictions__Using_Universes) can be either of the following: - `https://apis.roblox.com/cloud/cloud/v2/universes/{universe_id}/user-restrictions` - `https://apis.roblox.com/cloud/cloud/v2/universes/{universe_id}/places/{place_id}/user-restrictions` You can probably infer the difference between the two: some user restrictions apply to an entire universe (experience), whereas others apply to specific places within a universe. Aside from the small addition to the path and extra path parameter, the calls are identical. Many endpoints return a path as part of their response, which you can use to make further requests. If an API needs more than a few seconds to fulfill a request, it often returns an [operation](#long-running-operations) rather than the resource or response itself. ### Long running operations Some methods return an `Operation` object that represents a long-running request that returns an asynchronous response later. The object contains the following fields: - **path** - The endpoint path to call to poll for the request's completion. Append the path to the original base URL of the resource method. - **done** - A boolean value that represents whether or not the operation has completed. - **response** - The response object. This field is empty until the `done` field has a value of `true`. - **metadata** - Custom metadata specific to the request being made. ```json { "path": "v1/assets/12345/operation/xyz", "done": true, "response": { "value1": "myValue", "value2": 1234 }, "metadata": { "metadata1": "string", "metadata2": 5678 } } ``` Use the `Operation` object's path to poll for when the resource is ready. A good strategy is to use exponential backoff. For example, you might poll immediately, then after one second, two seconds, four seconds, etc. ```python def PollForResults(operationPath): currentRetries = 0 maxRetries = 10 retryPollingDelay = 1 retryPollingMultiplier = 2 while (currentRetries < maxRetries): # No delay on the first check if (currentRetries == 0): results = GetOperation(operationPath) # Retry logic for subsequent checks else: time.sleep(retryPollingDelay) results = GetOperation(operationPath) # Exponential backoff retryPollingDelay *= retryPollingMultiplier # Check for results and return if they exist if (results.status_code != 200 or results.json()[doneJSONKey]): return results # Otherwise, increment the retry count else: currentRetries += 1 ``` For a more complete code sample that uses a fixed retry interval rather than exponential backoff, see [Poll for results](/docs/en-us/cloud/guides/instance.md#poll-for-results). ### Filtering Some methods let you filter the response by including a `filter` parameter in the request. The following sections describe filter syntax and guidelines for the specified endpoints. #### List group memberships The wildcard character `-` can be used in place of group ID in order to list memberships across all groups: `groups/-/memberships`. Filtering conforms to Common Expression Language (CEL). Only two operators are supported: - `==` - `in [...]` If you specify a group ID in the resource path, you can filter memberships by either user or role in the following formats: - **User filter**: `filter=user == 'users/9876543210'` - **Role filter**: `filter=role == 'groups/123/roles/7920705'` If you specify the wildcard character for the group ID, you must filter memberships by user (up to 50) in the following format: - **User filter**: `filter=user in ['users/1', 'users/156', 'users/9876543210', ...]` #### List inventory items You can filter by collectible status, inventory item type, and inventory item ID. If you don't provide a filter, the user's entire inventory is returned. The filter format is a semicolon-separated list: `filter={field}={value};{field}={value},{value},...;{field}=...` - `{field}` can be any of the predefined type fields or ID fields in the following tables. - `{value}` can be a string, boolean, or enum. Depending on the field type, this can be a single value (boolean fields) or multiple values (list fields). > **Info:** You can't combine type and ID fields in the same filter. **Type fields** | Filter | Type | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | `badges` | boolean | Include badges in the response. Default is false. | | `gamePasses` | boolean | Include game passes in the response. Default is false. | | `inventoryItemAssetTypes` | See [assetDetails](/docs/en-us/cloud/reference/InventoryItem.md) for the full list of asset types. | Comma-separated list of asset types to include. Default is none. Specify `*` for all asset types. Must have Inventory read scope to filter by purchased places. | | `onlyCollectibles` | boolean | Include **only** collectibles in the response. Default is false. This field must be used with the `inventoryItemAssetTypes` field in order to return items and only returns non-UGC limited items. | | `privateServers` | boolean | Include private servers in the response. Default is false. Must have Inventory read scope to filter by this field. | **ID Fields** | Filter | Type | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | `assetIds` | string | Comma-separated list of numeric asset IDs to include. | | `badgeIds` | string | Comma-separated list of numeric badge IDs to include. | | `gamePassIds` | string | Comma-separated list of numeric game pass IDs to include. | | `privateServerIds` | string | Comma-separated list of numeric private server IDs to include. Must have Inventory read scope to filter by this field. | **Examples** - Returns all collectible items that the user owns:`filter=onlyCollectibles=true;inventoryItemAssetTypes=*` - Returns all items of the specified types:`filter=inventoryItemAssetTypes=HAT,CLASSIC_PANTS,TSHIRT_ACCESSORY` - Returns all items of the listed types or any game passes. Excludes badges from the results (the same behavior as if `badges` wasn't included in the filter):`filter=inventoryItemAssetTypes=HAT,CLASSIC_PANTS,TSHIRT_ACCESSORY;gamePasses=true;badges=false` - Returns assets that match the specified IDs:`filter=assetIds=1,2,3,4` - Returns assets, badges, game passes, and private servers that match the specified IDs:`filter=assetIds=1,2,3,4;badgeIds=1,2,3,4;gamePassIds=1,2,3,4;privateServerIds=1,2,3,4`